He hononga tino nui te whakahaere i te ahotea karāhe i roto i te tukanga hanga karāhe, ā, kua mōhiotia whānuitia e ngā tohunga karāhe te tikanga mō te whakamahi i te maimoatanga wera tika hei whakahaere i te ahotea. Heoi, ko te ine tika i te ahotea karāhe tētahi o ngā raruraru uaua e whakapoauau ana i te nuinga o ngā kaihanga karāhe me ngā tohunga karāhe, ā, kua kore e pai te whakatau tata tuku iho mō ngā whakaritenga kounga o ngā hua karāhe i roto i te hapori o ēnei rā. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tikanga ine ahotea e whakamahia whānuitia ana, me te tumanako ka āwhina, ka whakamārama hoki i ngā wheketere karāhe:
1. Te pūtake ariā o te kimi ahotea:
1.1 Mārama pōraruraru
E mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te mārama he ngaru hikohiko e wiri ana i te ahunga poutū ki te ahunga whakamua, e wiri ana i runga i ngā mata wiri katoa e poutū ana ki te ahunga whakamua. Mena ka whakauruhia te tātari pōraritanga e tuku ana i tētahi ahunga wiri kia puta i te ara mārama, ka taea te whiwhi mārama pōraritanga, e kiia nei ko te mārama pōraritanga, ā, ko te taputapu whatu i hangaia kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga whatu ko te pōraritanga (Tirotiro Taumahatanga Polariscope).YYPL03 Tirotiro Taumahatanga Polariscope
1.2 Te rua-whāititanga
He isotropic te karāhe, ā, he rite tonu te taupū whakaata i ngā taha katoa. Mēnā he ahotea kei roto i te karāhe, ka whakangaromia ngā āhuatanga isotropic, ka huri te taupū whakaata, ā, kāore te taupū whakaata o ngā taha ahotea matua e rua e rite tonu, arā, ka puta te birefringence.
1.3 Te rerekētanga o te ara whatu
Ina pā te mārama porowhita i roto i tētahi karāhe taumahatanga he matotoru t, ka wehea te ira mārama kia rua ngā wāhanga e wiri ana i ngā ahunga taumahatanga x me y. Mena ko vx me vy ngā tere o ngā wāhanga ira e rua, ko te wā e hiahiatia ana hei pā i roto i te karāhe ko t/vx me t/vy, ā, kāore ngā wāhanga e rua e tukutahi ana, kātahi ka puta he rerekētanga ara whatu δ.
Wā tuku: 31 o Ākuhata-2023